"Explosion technology"— scientific and technical journal

Rational charge constructions in crushing of watered rocks

Keywords:explosive, water gap, explosion products, detonation transmission, particle size distribution, dissipative losses, explosion efficiency

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the action of explosive charges located in watered conditions, characteristic of charges used at great depths. It is shown that charges with water and water-air intervals are very effective for effective blasting of a rock mass under conditions of water cut, which is characteristic of work performed at great depths. Creating a water gap in the explosive charge is advisable in the case of strong water cut of wells, which allows not only to reduce the specific consumption of explosives, but also to reduce the cost of drilling and blasting operations in general.

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Prediction of parameters of granulometric structure of rock mass after blasting of fractured massifs in quarry

Keywords:fractured rock mass, physical and mechanical properties, strength coefficient, blasting operations, granulometric composition, average size of the piece, weighted average size of the piece

Analysis of literary sources showed that there are three methods for determining the parameters of granulometric composition of blasted rock mass: probabilistic, experimental and analytical. Using the analytical method, theoretical and simplified formulas for determining the change in the size of a piece with distance (d ), the radius of the crushing zone (radial cracking) of individual pieces (RТР), the average size of a piece in the crushing zone (dср), the weighted average size of a piece in the crushing and collapse zones (dсрв) have been developed based on the physical mechanism of destruction of a fractured massif by blasting. The formulas include the physical and technical properties of the individual pieces of the massif, the parameters of fracturing, the detonation characteristics of the explosives and the parameters of the arrangement of charges. Theoretical analysis of the formulas indicates their validity. Numerical calculations using simplified formulas allowed us to determine , RТР, dс, dсрв , for one of the KMA iron ore deposits, which indicates the reliability of the formulas. The formulas provided can be used to predict the parameters of the granulometric composition in various mining-geological and mining-technical conditions after developing a quarry fracturing map and determining the physical and technical parameters of rocks. The advantage of the proposed method for determining the parameters of the granulometric composition of the rock mass is the ability to control the average size of the piece by changing the detonation velocity of the explosive, the density of the charge, the diameter of the charge, the distance between the boreholes and the length of the explosive charge.

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Analysis of the concept of «regulation of the degree of crushing of rocks» by explosion

Keywords:crushing of rocks by explosion, degree of crushing, control of explosive crushing, concept, content of the concept, scope of the concept, definition of the concept, contradiction

As a result of searching for an effective method to improve the quality of explosive crushing of rocks at one of the deposits of the degrading cryolithozone, a method for regulating rock crushing was found based on changing the bench height, which cannot be included in the arsenal of existing methods for regulating the degree of explosive crushing of rocks due to its fundamental difference from them, since the latter are based on changing the parameters of the blasting and drilling operation, and the proposed one provides for changing the parameters of the excavation and loading process. In this regard, the experience of controlling explosive crushing of rocks in open-pit mining of mineral deposits, presented in information sources, was analyzed in order to more deeply study the identified difference between the proposed and traditional methods. As a result of the analysis, the content of the concept "Regulation of the degree of crushing of rocks by explosion" was established, which reflected its main features identified as a result of the literature analysis. A definition is given to this concept based on the content established as a result of the literature analysis. The scope of the specified concept has been defined, which includes all types of explosive crushing of rocks in the form of corresponding methods that were, are and hypothetically will be used in the theory and practice of blasting. As a result of the analysis of the identified content, definition and scope of the concept of regulating the degree of crushing of rocks by blasting, a contradiction between the scope and content of this concept has been identified. It has been indicated that the aggravation of this contradiction will occur with an increase in the scale of non-standard blasting conditions, which will require the use of methods for regulating the degree of crushing of rocks by blasting based on the control of the parameters of production processes that are not related to blasting and explosion theory will not be able to offer them, since it does not provide for such methods and does not set the task of developing them. The resolution of this contradiction is seen in updating the conceptual apparatus of explosion theory by expanding the content of some of its concepts.

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To the question of calculation of specific heat of explosion of emulsion explosives and granemites

Keywords:specific heat of explosion, chemical composition of emulsifier and hydrocarbon fuel, granemites

In this work, the gross formulas and heats of formation of hydrocarbon fuels and emulsifiers used in the manufacture of emulsion explosives (EE) are specified. Based on the results obtained, a method for calculating the specific heat of explosion of explosive substances is proposed, taking into account both the chemical composition of the oxidative phase of explosive substances and the chemical composition of the fuel phase, which in the calculations is a mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and emulsifier. For purely pure emulsion explosives, it is not possible to create balanced in terms of «fuel-oxidizer» compositions with a rather fine dispersed oxidizing phase due to significant mechanical and physico-chemical difficulties of the emulsification process. Therefore, as a rule, bulk emulsion explosives with a very unbalanced composition and, accordingly, low values of the specific heat of the explosion are made. It is shown that the specific heat of explosion of balanced granemites can reach values characteristic of trotyl-containing explosives. However, this is possible only when coordinating the processes of explosive decomposition of explosive substances and ammonium nitrate (AN-F), which are part of granemite. The work is of practical interest for developers and manufacturers of emulsion explosives, as well as manufacturers of blasting in mining enterprises.

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Graphoanalytical method for determining the quantitative composition of an emulsion by phases

Keywords:emulsion, explosive, density, mixture, emulsification

The article is devoted to the study of the density of prepared emulsion explosives. The obtained analytical dependencies can be used for numerical calculations in programmable Excel spreadsheets. The described graphoanalytical method for determining the ratio of GRO and TC in an emulsion is of practical interest to specialists involved in the production of emulsions.

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Determination of the size of the zone of slaughtering and sorting of rocks and ores during the sinking of workings and layered approaches at the Yagoka mine

Keywords:contour blasting, sinking of workings, layered sinking, cross section of workings, sorting of rocks, ores, fractured massif, stabbing zone, explosive residual stresses

The actual data on the average and maximum cross-section of workings and treatment approaches at the Yakovlevsky GOK mine are presented. According to the cross-sectional area of the workings and approaches, the average and maximum selection of rocks behind the design contour is determined. The length of the studied ore runs was 864 m, and the length of the rock workings was 479 m. An analytical formula has been developed to determine the radius of the R3 puncture zone in the mining, geological and mining engineering conditions of the Yagoka mine. Numerical calculations of R3 have been performed for various ores and rocks of the Yakovlevsky GOK. A comparison of the estimated size of the cutting zone R3 (0.42-1.08 m) and the actual overflows ∆hmax (0.65-0.95 m) indicates the validity of the analytical formula, as well as the possibility of using formulas to develop technical solutions to reduce overflows of rocks and ores.

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Impact on the array during the explosion of the fan charge

Keywords:emulsion explosives, sensitization by gas bubbles, dynamic impact, fan charge, equivalent charge, displacement velocity

Currently, there is an expansion in the use of bulk emulsion explosives (EVV) in underground mining. However, the conditions of underground mining introduce specifics into the technology of blasting operations associated with the widespread use of borehole charges during excavation and fan charges during ore extraction. At the same time, there is a decrease in the relative distance between charges compared to open-pit mining. This leads to a significant dynamic effect of explosive charges (groups of charges) on charges that have not yet been detonated in adjacent boreholes (boreholes). As a result, the detonation rate may decrease or failure may occur in EVV charges sensitized by microbubbles of gas. Studies show that the initial displacement velocity of the borehole walls plays an important role in the passivation of the EVV. However, there is currently no method for calculating the initial velocity of displacement of the medium in the array during the explosion of a fan charge, taking into account the significant unevenness of the charge distribution in the fan plane. The method of equivalent charges was used in the work, which made it possible to develop a methodology for determining the magnitude of a concentrated charge equivalent to a fan charge acting on a given point in the rock mass, which makes it possible to predict the initial velocity of displacement of the medium in the array during an explosion of a fan charge. It is shown that there is a significant unevenness in the displacement rates of the medium in the rock mass during the explosion of the fan charge. At the same time, the maximum initial displacement velocity is more than 2.5 times higher than its minimum value. The results obtained are of interest in the development of experimental methods for testing the resistance of EVV sensitized by microbubbles of gas to shock effects for the possibility of effective use of EVV during fan chipping, as well as when considering the destructive effect of a fan charge on the rocks being chipped.

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Study of combustion characteristics of energy-saturated material for the landing module of the explosive packer

Keywords:landing module, explosive slip packer, safety margin, service life, oil well repair, gas-generating composition, energy-saturated material

Gas-generating charges based on energy-saturated material are used in the oil and gas industry as part of landing modules designed for installation in wells of slip packers during repair and restoration work. The work studies the combustion patterns of a new, improved energy-saturated material, which opens up prospects for creating slip packers with a built-in landing module. Comparative experiments were conducted with the proposed and standard energy-saturated materials under bench conditions that allow developing a gas pressure level characteristic of the operation of the landing module. The values of the linear and mass combustion rates of energy-saturated materials and their dependence on pressure were determined. Under conditions characteristic of the operation of the landing module with a pressure level of about 1000 kgf / cm2, the new energy-saturated material burns with an average linear velocity of 7.27 mm / s, which is more than 5 times less compared to the standard energy-saturated material.

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3. Pavlova Ya.O., Mokeev A.A., Petrov A.S. Assessment of the operational life of the landing module of an explosive slip packer // Explosive business. 2024. No. 142-99. P. 89- 102
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Electromagnetic radiation during explosive charge explosions and complex hybrid mixtures of methane and coal dust

Keywords:methane, coal dust, methane-air mixture, dust-air mixture, radical, electromagnetic radiation, explosives, safety properties of explosives

The article analyzes methods for evaluating the safety properties of explosives based on the results of explosive charges exploding in an experimental drift. Special attention was paid to the consideration of methods for evaluating the safety properties of explosives based on some physical signs of their explosion. The analysis showed that the features of electromagnetic radiation during ignition of hybrid mixtures of air, methane and coal dust have not been sufficiently studied. In this regard, it seems appropriate to the authors to study the electromagnetic radiation of OH, H, CH3 and others radicals in the zone of the chemical reaction of methane and coal dust in the initial stage of ignition. A detailed description of the laboratory instrumentation developed by the authors for the study of the basic patterns of electromagnetic radiation from the explosion parameters of explosive charges in the air and in an explosive environment is given here. Photodiode-based electromagnetic radiation sensors can be used not only as part of the test bench, but also in studies of explosive charge explosions in channel and corner mortars, as well as free-suspended explosive charges, the nature of the spraying of powdered inhibitors by explosion, and in a number of other cases.

1. Bryuhanov A.M. Nauchno-tekhnicheskie osnovy rassledovaniya i predotvrashcheniya avarij na ugol'nyh shahtah (Scientific and technical bases of investigation and prevention of accidents at coal mines: Monography). Donetsk: Publishing House «Donbass», 2004. 347 p.
2. Bryuhanov A.M., Kolosyuk V.P., Levkin N.B. Analiz vzryvov metana i ugol'noj pyli na ugol'nyh shahtah, vyzvavshih chelovecheskie zhertvy (Analysis of explosions of methane and coal dust in coal mines that caused human casualties). Sb. materialov nauchno-prakticheskogo seminara «Problemy tekhnogennoj, proizvodstvennoj i ekologicheskoj bezopasnosti. Puti ih resheniya» = materials of a scientific and practical seminar «Problems of technogenic, industrial and environmental safety. Ways to solve them». Publishing House of Makeevka State Research Institute for Safety in Mining. 2002. pp. 18–31.
3. Bryuhanov A.M., Mnuhin A.G., Busygin K.K. Analiz obstoyatel'stv vzryvov metana na ugol'nyh shahtah i razrabotka meropriyatij po ih predotvrashcheniyu (Analysis of the circumstances of methane explosions in coal mines and development of measures to prevent them). Ugol' Ukrainy = Coal of Ukraine. 2003. No 4. pp. 37–40.
4. Bryuhanov A.M., Kolosyuk V.P. O prichinah vzryvov v podzemnyh vyrabotkah ugol'nyh shaht (About the causes of explosions in underground workings of coal mines). Ohrana truda =Labor Protection. 2002. No 10. pp. 19–21.
5. Nikolin V.I., Podkopaev S.V., Agafonov A.V. et al. Snizhenie travmatizma ot proyavleniya gornogo davleniya (Reduction of injuries from the development of rock pressure). Donetsk: Publishing House «Nord-Press», 2005. 331 p.
6. Aleksandrov V.E., Shevtsov N.R., Vajnshtejn B.I. Bezopasnost' vzryvnyh rabot v ugol'nyh shahtah (Safety of blasting operations in coal mines). Moscow: Publishing House «Bowels», 1986. 149 p.
7. Kalyakin S.A. et al. Issledovanie elektromagnitnogo izlucheniya radikalov v zone vosplameneniya gibridnyh smesej vozduha, metana i ugol'noj pyli (Investigation of electromagnetic radiation of radicals in the ignition zone of hybrid mixtures of air, methane and coal dust). Uspekhi v himii i himicheskoj tekhnologii sb. nauch. tr.= collection of scientific papers «Advances in chemistry and chemical technology». Moscow: Publishing House of Russian University of Chemical Technology named after D.I. Mendeleev. 2023. Vol. XXXVII. No 10 (272). pp. 109-111. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp? id=59819823.
8. Rastorguev V.M. Issledovanie i razrabotka sposoba sravnitel'noj ocenki predohranitel'nyh svojstv vzryvchatyh veshchestv: Dis… kand. tekhn. nauk. (Research and development of a method for comparative evaluation of the safety properties of explosive: Dissertation for the degree «Candidate of Engineering Sciences»). Moscow: Institute of Mining named after A.A. Skochinskiy. 1974. 186 p.
9. Kutuzov B.N., Butukov A.Y., Vajnshtejn B.I. et al. Vzryvnye raboty v opasnyh usloviyah ugol'nyh shaht (Blasting operations in dangerous conditions of coal mines). Moscow: Publishing House «Bowels», 1979. 373 p.
10. Jun Deng, Jiao Qu, Qiu-Hong Wang, Yang Xiao, Yu-Chi Cheng and Chi-Min Shu. Experimental data revealing explosion characteristics of methane, air, and coal mixtures // Royal society of chemistry [site]. [2019]. URL: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2019/ra/c9ra04416g .
11. Labinskiy K.N. et al. Issledovanie vliyaniya sostava VV na parametry detonacii i elektromagnitnoe izluchenie produktov vzryva (Investigation of the effect of explosive composition on detonation parameters and electromagnetic radiation of explosion products). Mashinostroenie i tekhnosfera XXI veka : sb. trudov XXXI mezhdunar. nauch.-tekhn. konf. v g. Sevastopol = materials of XXXI international scientific and technical conference «Mechanical engineering and the technosphere of the 21st century» in Sevastopol, 16-22 september 2024. Publishing house of Donetsk national technical university. 2024. pp. 179–182. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=73459736 .

Justification of effective technological solutions for recultivation of carbonate rock quarrys

Keywords:reclamation, carbonate quarry, drilling and blasting operations, aquifer pollution

The article is devoted to the protection of aquifers from pollution and depletion during the development of carbonate rock quarries by drilling and blasting. As a result of mass blasts using the horizontal borehole charge method, numerous cracks and folds are formed in the rock massif, and karst development is provoked. The main sources of dust and gas formation in the quarry are drilling and blasting operations, which make up to 35% of the total emissions, as well as operating quarry equipment. A dust and gas cloud, which can reach 800 meters, fills the quarry and, caught by air currents, dissipates beyond its boundaries at distances of up to 3 km. Aerosols of pollutants accumulate on the exposed territory of the quarry and directly fall on the underlying horizons. The article proposes geotechnical solutions for the reclamation of the mined-out space with the creation of an artificial pond on pre-formed areas with certain filtration characteristics of the soil. The idea is that during the phased mining and engineering activities for the planning of the territory, a filter screen is created to protect the aquifer, which will allow cleaning the contaminated quarry water and restoring the natural level of groundwater. Correctly performed reclamation of the worked-out limestone quarry will help to minimize the negative impact on the environment.

1. Komarov E.I. Environmental issues of protecting aquifers from pollution during reclamation of carbonate quarries / E.I. Komarov, V.P. Fedotova. - Text: direct // materials of the scientific and practical conference with international participation / Environmental week of BRU - SPbPU. - SPb.: POLITEKH-PRESS, 2023. - P. 139-144.
2. GOST R 59060-2020. Environmental protection. Lands. Classification of disturbed lands for the purposes of reclamation: national standard of the Russian Federation: official publication: approved and put into effect by Order of the Federal Agency and Methodology dated September 30, 2020 N 712-st: introduced for the first time : date of introduction 2021-04-01 / prepared by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 409 "Environmental Protection". - Moscow: Standartinform, 2020. - IV, 14 p. - Text: direct.
3. GOST R 57446-2017. Reclamation of disturbed lands and land plots. Restoration of biological diversity of reclamation: national standard of the Russian Federation: official edition : approved and put into effect by the Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated April 18, 2017 N 283-st: introduced for the first time: date of introduction 2017-12-01 / prepared by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 113 "Best Available Technologies". - Moscow: FSUE "VNII SMT" together with OOO "INEKO", 2017. - V, 21 p. - Text: direct.
4. GOST R 59057-2020. "Environmental protection. General requirements for the reclamation of disturbed lands»: national standard of the Russian Federation: official publication : approved and put into effect by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated September 30, 2020 N 709-st: introduced for the first time : date of introduction 2021-04-01 / prepared by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 409 «Environmental Protection». - Moscow: FSUE «STANDARTINFORM», 2020. - IV, 14 p. - Text: direct.
5. Sheinkman L.E. The influence of fine limestone dust on the condition of vegetation / N.A. Antonenko, L.E. Sheinkman - Text: direct // Proceedings of the conference «Youth Innovations». - Tula: Tula State University, 2015. - P. 57.
6. Bugakova T.Yu. Methodology for determining and assessing the spatio-temporal state of technogenic systems using geodetic data / T. Yu. Bugakova, S. S. Solovieva - Text: direct // Bulletin of SGUGiT. - 2020. - Vol. 25, issue. 2. - P. 5-18.
7. Bugakova T. Yu. System-targeted approach to the analysis of the spatio-temporal state of technogenic systems / T. Yu. Bugakova, I. G. Vovk - Text: direct // Inter Expo Geo-Siberia. - 2014. - Vol. 1, issue. 1. - P. 225-231.
8. Drozdov D. S. Classification of technogenic soils / D. S. Drozdov, A. P. Afonin, I. V. Dudler, R. S. Ziangirov, Yu. M. Lychko, E. N. Ogorodnikova,
9. V. Spiridonov – Text: direct// Engineering geology, - 1990. – N 1. -P.115–121.
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11. William H., Langer. Potential Environmental Impacts of Quarrying Stone in Karst – A Literature Review/U.S.Geological Survey science for a changing world. US Geological Survey report in the public domain 01-0484, - 2001.

The results of the XXVI international scientific and practical conference on mining and blasting conducted by ANO "NOIV"

Keywords:conference, participants, report, explosion, means of initiation

From May 19 to May 23, 2025, for the first time in Novosibirsk, the third largest city in our country, the XXVI International scientific and practical conference on mining and blasting was held. The conference venue included two venues. The main venue is the Gorsky conference hall on the territory of the Gorskiy city hotel (ul. Nemirovich-Danchenko str., 144a.), where plenary sessions, meetings of the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences "On the problems of the national economic use of explosions" and the work of the commission of the Public Council at Rostechnadzor, seminars with discussion of reports, advanced training and summing up the results of the conference were held. The second conference venue was located at the industrial site of JSC NMZ Iskra. There, the conference participants were able to see the technological lines for the production of initiation products, get acquainted with the production process and testing methods of the products.