"Explosion technology"— scientific and technical journal

Electronic initiation systems are a technology tool that improves the efficiency of mining production

Keywords:borehole, charge, electronic initiation systems, non-electric initiation systems, blast, rock mass discharge, seismic impact, fragmentation, losses, and dilution

This article describes the key trends in electronic system initiation, which were developed based on the requirements of specialists from individual mining companies, training and discussions with domestic and international experts in the field of drilling and blasting, as well as negotiations and exchange of experience with electronic system suppliers. The results obtained are presented.

1. Fokin V.A., Melik-Gaikazov I.V., Togunov M.B., Shitov IU.A. Otsenka seismicheskogo deistviia massovogo vzryva pri initsiirovanii skvazhinnykh zariadov elektronnymi detonatorami // Gornyi Zhurnal, 2010, №7, S.65-67.
2. Kovalchuk I.O., Kovalkov S.A., Alenichev I.A., Stepanov V.S. Opyt primeneniia elektronnykh sistem initsiirovaniia pri proizvodstve vzryvov vblizi strategicheski vazhnykh obieektov – metod razgruzochnykh pauz // Vzryvnoe delo, 2023, №139-96, S.88-98.
3. Zhulikov V.V, Kniazev K.A., Nazarov S.S. Obosnovanie effektivnosti vzryvnykh rabot s ispolzovaniem elektronnykh sistem v sravnenii s neelektricheskimi sredstvami initsiirovaniia // Gornaia Promyshlennost, 2022, №5, S.122-126. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18796/0041-5790-2024-12-122-126.
4. Menshikov P.V., Sinitsyn V.A., Shemenev V.G. Metodika opredeleniia fakticheskikh intervalov zamedlenii dlia ratsionalnykh parametrov setki skvazhin s ispolzovaniem sistemy elektronnogo vzryvaniia «Daveytronic» // Uspekhi sovremennogo estestvoznaniia, 2016, № 3, S.183-189.
5. Alenichev I. A., Rakhmanov R. A. Issledovanie empiricheskikh zakonomernostei sbrosa gornoi massy vzryvom na svobodnuiu poverkhnost ustupa karera // Zapiski Gornogo instituta, 2021, T. 249, S.334-341. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2021.3.2.
6. Kozyrev S.A., Alenichev I.A., Kamianskii V.N., Sokolov A.V. Osobennosti seismicheskogo vozdeistviia vzryva otreznoi shcheli na zakonturnyi massiv i metody ego snizheniia v usloviiakh karera rudnika «Zheleznyi» Kovdorskogo GOKa // Vzryvnoe delo, 2017, №118-75, S.212-226.
7. Chavez R., Farnfield R., Lachamp M. Algorithms for Adaptive Solution: Essential Tools for Operational Blast Optimization, 11 p.
8. Wagstaff D.A., Scovira D.S. Segregation Blasting Using Electronic Initiation // International Society of Explosives Engineers. 2004 Volume 1, 12 p.

Kinetics of formation of internal piles energy blast

Keywords:explosion, internal storage, stability of piles, explosives, kinetics, selective styling, the specific consumption of CENTURIES, the coefficient of discharge

Consideration is being given to enhancing the sustainability of internal piles with bestransportnoj technology development of coal deposits by selective styling fractured rock energy of the explosion. The proposed technology allows not only to reduce the energy used to move overburden in the contours of the permanent piles, but also increase their capacity through improved sustainability.

1. Repin N.Ya. Research of the processes of blasting preparation and excavation of overburden rocks of coal mines. Dis. doct. tech. sciences / MGI, M., 1981, - 395 p. Manuscript.
2. Burlutsky B.D., Tsvetkov Yu.P. Optimization of the dump factor in the non-transport system of development. // Coal, No. 12, 1992, pp. 24-26.
3. Naumov V.M. Intensification of the preparation of coal reserves with a transportless mining system with partial blasting of rock into the worked-out space // PhD Candidate of Technical Sciences, Moscow, 1987.
4. Zharikov I.F. Development of technological blasting schemes for moving overburden rocks into the worked-out space // Collection "Explosive business", No. 110/67, 2013, pp. 42-53.
5. Zharikov I.F., Fukzon Ya.S. Analytical calculation of wave processes during a discharge explosion. // Collection of articles "Explosion Destruction and Irreversible Deformations", Moscow, 1997, pp. 62-72.

Modern experience in the technological development of drilling and blasting operations in the extraction of copper-nickel ores

Keywords:safety of drilling and blasting operations, granular and emulsion explosives, parameter optimization, electronic passport, explosion modeling

The article examines the modern experience of technological development of drilling and blasting operations in the development of Norilsk copper-nickel ore deposits. The paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of modern trends in the development of drilling and blasting operations for the mining of copper-nickel ores, taking into account the geotechnical features and industrial safety at mining enterprises in Norilsk. The work was carried out based on an analysis of current regulatory and technical documentation, production passports for explosive devices, the results of control and acceptance tests of explosives, as well as production monitoring data. It has been established that emulsion and granular explosives provide comparable quality of rock mass destruction and are in similar ranges in terms of borehole utilization coefficient and specific consumption of explosives with the same drilling patterns and specific consumption of explosives with the same drilling patterns and loading parameters for different types of explosives. The advantages of emulsion compositions in terms of automation of the loading process, which reduces labor intensity and the number of auxiliary personnel, are presented. The introduction of blasting operations is a complex and dangerous mining process that requires a comprehensive economic assessment taking into account the specifics of production and operating conditions. It has been demonstrated that modern approaches to drilling and blasting operations using safer and more efficient emulsion explosives with the use of automated charging machines and programs for designing and optimizing loading schemes improve the quality of rock crushing, reduce labor costs and harmful effects on humans, thereby increasing the safety of mining operations, and also minimize the negative impact on the environment. Particular attention is paid to the implementation and application of specialized software «Blast Maker» in mine operations, which provides more accurate prediction of blast results and optimization of drilling and blasting parameters. Additionally, the production and technological effects of the practical application of the drilling assistant system were demonstrated.

1. Turtygina N.A. Justification of the system for stabilizing the quality of poor copper-nickel ores during underground mining// Diss. Cand. of Technical Sciences. – Moscow State Mining University, 2009 - p. 204.
2. Panfilov S.Yu., Tikhonov V.A., Dudnik G.A., Gadzhiev G.G., Melnikov N.O., Akinin N.I. Sensitiveness to impact of industrial emulsion explosives. Russian Mining Industry. 2025; (5):91–97. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30686/ 1609-9192-2025- 5-91-97.
3. Efremovtsev N.N. Development of robotic technologies for the formation of detonation systems for the extraction of minerals. Problems and prospects for the integrated development and conservation of the earth's interior / Edited by Academician K.N. Trubetskoy //Authors: Candidate of Technical Sciences A.Z. Vartanov, Candidate of Technical Sciences A.G. Krasavin, Candidate of Technical Sciences N.A. Miletenko – Moscow: IPKON RAS. – 2018. – P. 23–25.
4. RTPP-03–2019. Regulations on technological production processes for conducting cleaning operations at the mines of the Polar Division of PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel. – Norilsk, 2019.
5. Turtygina N.A., Elizaryeva A.P., Sharov S.A. Research on explosion selection of ore-rock mass from the standpoint of stabilizing the quality of ores during mining // Scientific Bulletin of the Arctic. 2022. No. 13. pp. 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.52978/25421220_2022_13_94–100.
6. Pytalev I.A., Domozhirov D.V., Shvabenland E.E., Prokhorov A.A., Pronin V.V. Method for improving the quality of rock preparation for excavation using emulsion explosives in quarries with high benches. Mining industry. 2021 - 6. P. 62–67.
7. Official website of NAO Nipigormash - Modular plants for the production of emulsion explosives. Ecosystem of services for drilling and blasting operations for open and underground mining https://npgm.ru/product-catalog/modulnye-tekhnologicheskie-linii.html.
8. Turtygina N. A., Okhrimenko A. V., Frolov N. A. Classification of methods for stabilizing the quality of ore flow in underground mining // Rational development of subsoil. 2023. No. 4. pp. 32–40. doi: 10.26121/ RON.2023.51.61.002.
9. Dolgushev V. G. Automated design system for drilling and blasting operations in quarries last Maker. Mining Journal of Kazakhstan, 2013 – 11– P. 28–32.
10. Kovalenko V. A., Umrikhin E. A., Raimkulov M. A. Digital technology for preparing the production of the Blast Maker PTK in the conditions of the Mikhailovsky Mining and Processing Plant, Globus, 2020 - 3(62), pp. 146–151.
11. Shekhar G., Gustafson A., Boeg-Jensen P., Malmgren L., Schunnesson H. Draw control strategies in sublevel caving mines – A baseline mapping of LKAB’s Malmberget and Kiirunavaara mines // The Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 2018. Vol. 118. P. 723–733.
12. Nordqvist A., Wimmer М. Holistic Approach to Study Gravity Flow at the Kiruna Sublevel Caving Mine // Proceedings of the 17th International Conference & Exhibition on Mass Mining. – Sydney, 2016. P. 401–414.

Development of methods and recommendations for the practical implementation of drilling processes with the purpose of ensuring high quality ore picking in the clearing chambers

Keywords:stage-chamber development system, secondary crushing, granular composition, blasting, average piece size, drilling and blasting, ferruginous quartzites, unoxidized quartzites, deposit, mine, raw material base, failure to develop a rock mass, specific consumption of explosives

When mining hard and especially hard ores, the most cost-effective method is blasting. The quality of crushing is one of the main factors determining the productivity of one worker when loading ore. The excavation speed of one chamber depends on the amount of working time spent on secondary crushing of oversized pieces of rock. Increasing the coefficient of explosion energy utilization during explosive breaking is the topic of this study. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the practical application in chambers when breaking blast holes less than 40 m deep. Increasing the efficiency of drilling and blasting operations (D&B) during hole breaking to ensure high-quality crushing of minerals.

1. B.N. Kutuzov Blaster's Handbook: in 2 hours. Mining, 2014 Ch ӏӏ Technique, technology and safety of blasting - 304 p.
2. B.N. Kutuzov, V.N. Tyupin Method for calculating the parameters of drilling and blasting operations in quarries in order to ensure the specified quality of rock crushing // Mining Journal, 2017. - No. 8. - P. 66-69.
3. V.A. Belin, M.G. Gorbonos, E.O. Astakhov The influence of initiation means on the efficiency and safety of blasting operations // Mining Journal, 2017. - No. 7. - P. 63-66.
4. Bottom of the block with vibration release of ore: Pat. 2641554 Russian Federation: IPC E 21 C 41/16/ Kublikov S.N., Korolev N.D. / to the RF patent; application 02/27/2017; publ. 01/18/2018 Bulletin. No. 2.
5. Kublikov S.N. Calculation of the critical length of excavation during forced ventilation / S.N. Kublikov, N.D. Korolev // Economics, science, production. – 2009. - Gubkin: Gubkin Institute (branch) of the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education MGOU. Collection of scientific works No. 23.
6. Kublikov S.N. Measures to control the seismic impact of massive explosions in the mine named after. Gubkin JSC "Combine KMAruda" on buildings and structures of the surface of the mine field./ S.N. Kublikov // Scientific and practical journal “Notes of a Scientist” – 2022. – Rostov-on-Don: Publishing House of the Southern University “Institute of Business Management and Law” (IUPiP). No. 1/2022. pp. 246-251.
7. Kublikov S.N. On the dependence of the yield of oversized pieces of ferrous quartzite on the specific consumption of explosives for secondary crushing / S.N. Kublikov, N.D. Korolev // Journal “Research Publications”-2022.-Voronezh-No. 6-2022.P. 46-50.
8. Kublikov S.N. Experimental studies of the granulometric composition of rocks using the example of the Korobkovskoye deposit / S.N. Kublikov // Periodical publication Collection “Explosive Business” THEORY AND PRACTICE OF BLASTING – 2024. – Moscow: Publisher IPKON RAS. No. 145/102. pp. 61-82.
9. Kutuzov B.N., Tyupin V.N. Method for calculating the parameters of drilling and blasting operations in quarries in order to ensure the specified quality of crushing rocks // Mining Journal, 2017. - No. 8. - P. 66-69.
10. Munch A.F., Shokov V.I., Binder Ya.I. and others. Creation and first results of development of a mobile inclinometer station for measuring blast holes // Mining Journal, 2011.- No. 10. – pp. 53-56.
11. JSC "KMARUDA COMBINE". Refinement of reserves of the Korobkovsky deposit of ferruginous quartzites at levels of -71/-125m. Design documentation / JSC "PiterGORProekt". Saint Petersburg. 2012.
12. Ovseychuk V.A., Tyupin V.N. Optimization of the granulometric composition of ore during underground and heap leaching // Mining Journal, 2002. No. 9. pp. 24-27.
13. Underground mining of ferruginous quartzites / G.M. Babayants, L.K. Wertleib, N.Ya. Zhurin et al. – M.: Nedra, 1988. – p.: 168 ill.
14. Solodyankin S.S., Bugaets P.V., Kublikov S.N. Features of well breaking and directions of development of drilling and blasting operations at the mine named after. Gubkina/ // Mining industry. - 2017. No. 5. pp. 74-76.
15. Tyupin V.N. Explosive and geomechanical processes in fractured stressed mountain ranges: monograph / V.N. Tyupin. - Belgorod: Publishing House "Belgorod" National Research University "BelSU", 2017. - 192 p.
16. Tyupin V.N. Influence of explosion zones in fractured massifs on mining processes / V.N Tyupin, V.V. Khaustov, E.T. Voronov // Mining Journal, 2020, No. 12. pp. 26-30.
17. Tyupin V.N. Effect of explosion in fractured rock masses: monograph / V.N. Tyupin. - Belgorod: CPP Publishing House "Belgorod" National Research University "BelSU", 2025. - 196 p.
18. Tyupin V.N. Methodology for determining the parameters of drilling and blasting when mining low-power uranium ore bodies in order to reduce dilution / V.N. Tyupin, V.S. Svyatetsky // Modern technologies. System analysis. Modeling. - IrGUPS, 2013.-No. 3(39), pp. 89-94.
19. Tyupin V.N. Methodology for calculating drilling and blasting parameters for sub-level-chamber breaking / V.N. Tyupin. // Techn. Progress to the atom. prom. -Ser.: GMP. 1989, ISSUE. 7. P. 3-5.
20. Tyupin V.N. Limit parameters of drilling and blasting operations when breaking ore with deep holes in the chambers of the mine named after. Gubkin JSC "KMA-ore Plant" / V.N. Tyupin, S.N. Kublikov // Scientific, technical and production journal // “Mining Industry”. - 2020. - №4, - С. 92-97.
21. Tyupin V.N. Results of crushing massifs of ferruginous quartzites during blasting of deep curved wells at the mine named after. Gubkina JSC "Combine KMAruda" / V.N. Tyupin, S.N. Kublikov // Mining information and analytical bulletin. -2019.-No.8.-P.65-73. DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-08-0-65-73.
22. Paul Moore A fragmented approach // International Mining, MARCH 2015, -70-77.
23. Furtney J. Sellrs E., Onederra L Simple models for the complex process of rock blasting // Rock Fragmentation by Blasting: Fragblast 10.- Leiden: CRC Press, 2013. P 275-282.
24. Cunningham C.V.B. Control over Blasting Parameters and lts Effect on Quarry Productivity. - Rondebosch: AECI Explosives and Chemical Limited, 2011. P. 173-177.
25. Singh S. P., Abdul H. Investigation of blast desin parameters to optimize fragmentation // Rock Fragmentation by Blasting: Fragblast 10. 2013. P 181-187.

Development of industrial explosives production depending on the geotechnological conditions of their application

Keywords:explosives, simplest, gel, emulsion, safety, properties, manufacturing technology, application

In Russia, the consumption of industrial explosives in blasting and mining exceeds 2.5 million tons per year. The main types of explosives are considered: simple mixed explosives; gel explosives; emulsion explosives; and safety explosives for use in mines hazardous due to methane and coal dust content, as well as for use in boreholes with sulfide-containing steam. The design principles, purposes, advantages, and disadvantages of the main types of explosives are presented. Currently, explosives are used that do not contain individual high explosives and are manufactured directly near the target, capable of mechanized loading.

1. Explosiva industrialia (Industrial explosives) / L.V. Dubnov, N.S. Bakharevich, A.I. Romanov. - Moscow. Publishing house "Nedra". 1988. 358 p.
2. Technologiae Explosivae: Liber Scholasticus pro Universitatibus (Explosive technologies: a textbook for universities) / V.V. Selivanov, I.F. Kobylkin, S.A. Novikov. - 2nd edition. - Moscow: Publishing house of Bauman Moscow State Technical University. 2014. 519 p.
3. Materiae altae energiae: instructio (Explosive technologies: a textbook for universities) / V.V. Selivanov, I.F. Kobylkin, S.A. Novikov. - 2nd edition. - Moscow: Publishing house of Bauman Moscow State Technical University. 2014. 519 p.
4. Sakovich G.V., Zharkov A.S., Petrov E.A. Resultata studiorum processuum physicochemicorum synthesis detonationis nanodiamantorum. (Results of studies of physicochemical processes of detonation synthesis of nanodiamonds). // Russian nano-technologies. 2013. T.8. No. 9-10. P.11-20.
5. Viktorov S.D., Frantov A.E., Lapikov I.M. Modelirovaniye svoystv mnogokomponentnykh prosteyshikh vzryvchatykh veshchestv. (Modeling the properties of multicomponent simple explosives) // Explosive Engineering. 2023. No. 140/97. P. 19-35.
6. Bayburov V.P., Anaskin N.A., Ryzhova T.A. et al. Effektivnost' primeneniya karbatolov (Efficiency of using carbatols) // Explosives. 1978. No. 80/37. P. 120-124.
7. Petrov E. A. Promyshlennyye vzryvchatyye veshchestva FPTS «Altay» (Industrial explosives of the Federal Scientific and Production Center "Altai") // Safety of coal enterprises: Collection of scientific papers of the Scientific Center VostNII. Kemerovo. 2002. Pp. 86–95.
8. Emul'sionnyye promyshlennyye vzryvchatyye veshchestva: – 1-ya kniga (sostavy i svoystva) (Emulsion industrial explosives: – 1st book (compositions and properties)) / E.V. Kolganov, V.A. Sosnin. – Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod Region: Publishing house of the State Research Institute “Crystal”. 2009. 592 p.
9. Zimin A.S., Sosnin V.A., Korunov V.N. Emul'sionnyye promyshlennyye vzryvchatyye veshchestva razrabotki AO «GOSNII «Kristall» (Emulsion industrial explosives developed by JSC GOSNII Kristall) // Explosives. 2023. No. 140/97. pp. 9-17.
10. Petrov E.A., Kazakov A.A., Tambiev P.G., Frank A.E. Issledovaniya fiziko-mekhanicheskikh svoystv emul'sionnykh matrits na osnove luchshikh otechestvennykh i zarubezhnykh emul'gatorov. (Studies of the physical and mechanical properties of emulsion matrices based on the best domestic and foreign emulsifiers). // Polzunovsky Bulletin. 2013. No. 3. P. 108-111.
11. Vysokopredokhranitel'nyye vzryvchatyye veshchestva (High-safety explosives) / Kukib B.N., Rossi B.D. Moscow. Publishing house "Nedra". 1980. 168 p.
12. Zharkov A.S., Petrov E.A., Dochilov N.E. Nauchno-proizvodstvennyy kompleks po razrabotke i proizvodstvu nitroefirsoder-zhashchikh i vysokopredokhranitel'nykh VV v Rossii (Research and production complex for the development and production of nitroester-containing and high-preventive explosives in Russia) // Polzunovsky Vestnik. 2015. No. 1. P. 111-121.
13. Kovalenko I. L., Kuprin V. P. Vzaimodeystviye emul'sionnykh vzryvchatykh veshchestv i ikh komponentov s sul'fidnymi mineralami (Interaction of emulsion explosives and their components with sulfide minerals) // Explosives. 2010. No. 103/60. P. 154 – 159.
14. Viktorov S.D., Maslov I.Yu., Gorinov S.A. Otsenka prodolzhitel'nosti bezopasnogo razogreva kolchedannogo vklyucheniya v ammi-achno-selitrennoye VV(Assessment of the duration of safe heating of a pyrite inclusion in an ammonium nitrate explosive) // Explosive Engineering. 2021. 133/90. P.30–47.
15. Petrov E.A., Savin P.I., Tambiev P.G., Bychin N.I. Issledovaniye vliyaniya stabiliziruyushchikh dobavok na termicheskoye razlozheniye emul'sionnogo vzryvchatogo veshchestva v srede pirita (Study of the influence of stabilizing additives on the thermal decomposition of an emulsion explosive in a pyrite environment) // Mining Journal of Kazakhstan. 2016. No. 1. pp. 18–21.
16. Savin P. I., Petrov E. A., Vdovina N. P. Issledovaniye vliyaniya kontsentratsii ingibiruyushchikh dobavok na khimicheskuyu stoykost' emul'sionnogo vzryvchatogo veshchestva v srede pirita. (Study of the influence of the concentration of inhibitory additives on the chemical resistance of an emulsion explosive in a pyrite environment) // Bulletin of the Scientific Center for Safety of Work in the Coal Industry. 2018. No. 1. P. 54–56.
17. Maslov I.Yu., Gorinov S.A. Vliyaniye vida i soderzhaniye ingibitora na detonatsionnyye kharakteristiki sul'fidoustoychivykh EVV (Influence of the type and content of inhibitor on the detonation characteristics of sulfide-resistant explosives). // Explosive Engineering. 2020. 129/86. P.188–205.
18. Maslov I.Yu., Gorinov S.A. Opredeleniye soderzhaniya ingibitora v emul'sionnykh vzryvchatykh veshchestvakh dlya otboyki kolchedannykh rud (Determination of inhibitor content in emulsion explosives for breaking pyrite ores). // Blasting Engineering. 2023. 139/96. P.51–63.
19. Savin P.I., Petrov E.A. Issledovaniye khimicheskoy stabil'nosti promyshlennykh VV v sul'fidnykh rudakh (Study of chemical stability of industrial explosives in sulfide ores) // South Siberian Scientific Bulletin. 2023. No. 5 (51). P. 192-198.

Criteria for rapid assessment of improvised explosives

Keywords:explosives, express method, explosion heat, density, detonation properties, detonation speed, polytropic coefficient

This article examines the criteria for the rapid assessment of explosives manufactured at the place of use (improvised / autochthonous). The primary focus is on researching the methods used by various authors, both Russian and foreign, for developing criteria to evaluate explosives. The necessity of considering factors that influence the stability and safety of improvised explosives is emphasized. Methods for the rapid assessment of improvised explosives based on available techniques are reviewed. This work analyzes theoretical and practical research, as well as existing approaches to the identification and evaluation of explosives. It outlines the main parameters affecting their explosive properties, such as density, composition, and dispersion. This article proposes a rapid method for assessing the polytropic exponent, which eliminates all the disadvantages of other methods for evaluating the performance of explosives discussed in this article.

1. Viktorov S.D. Detonatsionnye kharakteristiki ifzanitov (Detonation characteristics of ifzanites). Ezhegodnyy sbornik V Nauchno-tekhnicheskie problemy razrabotki mestorozhdeniy poleznykh iskopaemykh = V Annual Collection Scientific and Technical Problems of Mineral Deposit Development. Moscow, rotaprint SFTGP IFZ AN SSSR, 1974. pp. 18-24.
2. Baron L.I. K voprosu o kriterii proizvodstvennoy otsenki svoystv BB dlya prokhodki porodnykh vyrabotok (On the issue of criteria for industrial evaluation of explosive properties for driving rock workings). L.I. Baron, G.P. Demidyuk, B.D. Rossi. V kn. Voprosy gornogo dela = In the book: Issues of Mining. Moscow: Gosgortekhizdat, 1958. 310 p.
3. Baron L.I. Drobyshchaya sposobnost vzryvchatykh veshchestv dlya gornykh rabot (Crushing ability of explosives for mining operations). L.I. Baron, B.D. Rossi, S.P. Levchik; Ed. Prof. Dr. Tech. Sci. L.I. Baron; Institute of Mining Acad. Sci. USSR. Moscow: Gosgortekhizdat, 1960. 112 p.
4. Bolkhovitinov L.G. O rabotosposobnosti BB (On the performance of explosives). Vzryvnoe delo = Explosives Engineering. 1974. No. 74/32. pp. 92-96.
5. Gordopolov Yu.A. Dvizhenie stenki tsilindricheskoy obolochki pod deystviem produktov skolzyashchey detonatsii (Motion of a cylindrical shell wall under the action of sliding detonation products). Yu.A. Gordopolov, I.S. Gordopolova. Vzryvnoe delo = Explosives Engineering. 2009. No. 101/58. pp. 43-50.

The influence of explosive residual stresses on deformation processes of exposed surfaces of quarry sides

Keywords:quarries, deformations of exposed rock mass surfaces, fractured rock mass, blasting operations, blast zones, compressive and residual stresses, overburden pressure, tectonic forces

A literature analysis on deformation monitoring of quarry benches and sides indicates displacement of exposed rock mass surfaces in both horizontal and vertical directions. Experimentally determined deformations of exposed rock mass and literature analysis indicate that, in addition to overburden pressure (gravitational and tectonic forces), residual stresses created in the rock mass by blasting operations are a possible source of deformation.
The objective of this article is to numerically determine the compressive and residual stresses acting in the rock mass perimeter during blasting operations in a quarry. Formulas for determining the magnitude of compressive and residual stresses after a massive blast in a quarry are presented. Numerical calculations were conducted for these models in rock masses with varying degrees of fracturing. Calculations using formulas for determining explosive residual stresses and comparing them with overburden pressure show that deformation processes in open quarry surfaces occur both under the influence of gravitational and tectonic forces, and as a result of explosive residual stresses. Technological schemes for quarry horizon development have been proposed to improve the stability of quarry walls by compensating for explosive residual stresses and reducing the seismic impact of blasts.

1. Esina E. N., Doskalov A. I. Analysis of observations of wall deformations during the development of deep horizons of the Kalmakyr quarry (Uzbekistan) // Collection of works of the 5th conference of the International School of Academician K. N. Trubetskoy (November 14-18, 2022) "Problems and prospects for the integrated development and conservation of the earth's interior. - Moscow: IPKON RAS, 2022. pp. 91-94.
2. Agarkov I. B., Konovalov A. V., Ignatenko I. M. Assessment of quarry bench and wall displacements based on laser scanning data // In the collection "Development of mineral resource deposits and underground construction in complex mining and geological conditions". - Belgorod: Publishing House "Belgorod" of the National Research University BelSU, 2019. pp. 132-140.
3. Kalyuzhny A. S., Rozanov I. Yu. Establishing the Causes of a Section of a Quarry Wall Collapse Based on Radar Monitoring and Stability Calculations // FTPRPI. 2024. No. 1. pp. 40-48.
4. Zairov Sh. Sh., Rafshanova M. Kh., Nomdorov M. U. Increasing the Stability of Quarry Walls by Forming a Concave Profile of the Slope of a High Bench // Vzryvnoe Delo. 2024. No. 142/99. pp. 42-74.
5. Toksarov V. N., Pospelov D. A., Beltyukov N. L., Udartsev A. A. Determining the Deformation Modulus of Rocks in the Sarbay Iron Ore Quarry Using a Borehole Hydraulic Jack // Mining Information and Analytical Bulletin. 2023. No. 5. – P. 32–42.DOI:10.25018/0236_1493_2023_5_0_32.
6. Yakovlev V. P., Yakovlev A. V., Shimkiv E. S. Methodological Foundations for Ensuring Stability of Bench and Slope Sections of Quarries // FTPRPI. 2023. No. 6. P. 3–12. DOI: 10.15372/FTPRPI 20230601.
7. Tyupin V. N. Explosive and Geomechanical Processes in Fractured Stressed Rock Massifs. - Belgorod: Publishing House "Belgorod" of the National Research University "BelSU", 2017.192 p.
8. Tyupin V. N. The mechanism of formation of the residual stress zone during blasting in the fractured granite massif of the mines of PJSC PIMCU // Mining magazine. 2020. No. 10. pp. 60-64. DOI: 10.17580/gzh.2020.10.04.
9. Tyupin V. N., Rubashkina T. I. Engineering formulas for calculating the sizes of destruction and deformation zones of fractured massifs by blasting in quarries of Transbaikalia // Mining magazine. 2021. No. 7. pp. 40-44. DOI: 10.17580/gzh.2021.07.06.
10. Tyupin V. N. The effect of an explosion in fractured rock massifs. - Belgorod: CPP ID "BelSU" National Research University "BelSU", 2025. - 196 p.
11. Adushkin V. V., Spivak A. A. Geomechanics of Large-Scale Explosions. Moscow: Nedra; 1993. 319 p.
12. Yakovlev A. V., Ermakov N. I. Stability of Ore Quarry Walls under Tectonic Stresses in the Massif. Ekaterinburg: IGD UB RAS, 2006. 231 p.
13. Rybin V. V., Zhirov D. V., Melikhova G. S., Klimov S. A. Integrated Methodology for Engineering-Structural Studies and Monitoring of the Geomechanical State of a Rock Mass for the Purposes of Designing and Operating Deep Quarries // Modern Tectonophysics. Methods and Results. 2011. P. 100–109.
14. Kozhukhovsky A. V., Zavyalov A. A., Kozyrev A. A., Seryi S. S., Dunaev V. A. Innovative technologies for monitoring and predicting the stability of deep quarry sides // Mining Journal. 2012. No. 10. P. 29–35.
15. Zhang Z.-X., Sanchidrian J. A., Ouchterlony F., Luukkanen S. Reduction of fragment size from mining to mineral processing: A Review. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 2023;56(1):747–778. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00603-022-03068-3.
16. Kiramang N., Prassetyo S. H., Karian T., Simangunsong G. M. Dynamic factor of safety of rock slopes due to blasting based on critical displacement and critical acceleration // IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2023, vol. 1288, no. 1, article 012009. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1288/1/012009.
17. Tyupin V. N. Parameters of seismic action of mass blasts in isotropic and complex-structured quarry rock massifs // Mining Information and Analytical Bulletin (scientific and technical journal). 2021. No. 12. pp. 47–51. DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-2021-12-0-47.
18. Zharikov S. N., Timofeev I. N., Gulenkov E. V., Bushkov V. K. Improvement of drilling and blasting operations at the quarry's marginal contour // Mining Journal. 2018. No. 1. pp. 48–55. 19. Rakhmanov R. A., Alenichev I. A., Lushnikov V. N. Gentle blasting technology: experience and implementation prospects at Polyus enterprises // Mining Journal. 2021. No. 1. pp. 86–92. DOI: 10.17580/gzh.2021.01.15.
19. Tyupin V. N. Justification of the method for calculating the parameters of contour blasting in fractured rock massifs in quarries // Mining information and analytical bulletin. 2024. No. 9. pp. 78-87. DOI: 10.25018/0236_1493_2024_9_0_78.
20. Blastmaster's Handbook. / Ed. B. N. Kutuzov. – Moscow: Nedra, 1988. 510 p.
21. Besedina A. N., Gridin G. A., Kocharyan G. G., Morozova K. G., Pavlov D. V. Activation of seismoacoustic events after mass explosions at the iron ore deposit of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly // FTPRPI. 2024. No. 1. pp. 3-14. DOI: 10.15372/FTPRPI20240101.
22. Kangda M. Base Isolated connected buildings subject to seismic and blast induced vibrations // ASPS Conference Proceedings. 2022, vol. 1, no. 1. DOI: 10.38208/acp.v1.664.
23. Yaohui Gao, Yan Zhang, Chunchi Ma. Failure process and stability analysis of landslides in Southwest China while considering rainfall and supporting conditions. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2023. Vol. 10. No. 1084151. DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.1084151.
24. Zhukova S. A., Zhuravleva O. G., Onuprienko V. S., Streshnev A. A. Change in seismic energy flow during transition to deep horizons (Apatite Cirque deposit, Khibiny massif). Gorn. prom-st. – 2023. – No. 4. – P. 110 – 116.
25. Kozyrev A. A., Kagan M. M., Konstantinov K. N., Zhirov D. V. Deformation precursors of a man-made earthquake at the united Kirovsky mine of OJSC Apatit // Geodynamics and stress state of the Earth's interior: proc. All-Russian conf. dedicated to the 80th anniversary of academician M. V. Kurleni (October 3–6, 2011). – Novosibirsk: IGD SB RAS, 2011. – V. 2. – P. 228–234.
26. Kozyrev A. A., Batugin A. S., Zhukova S. A. On the influence of massif water content on its seismic activity during the development of Khibiny apatite deposits // Mining Journal – 2021. –No. 1. – P. 31–36.
27. Zueva I. A., Lukina M. D., Rodionov G. N. Monitoring of seismic events in the Kostomuksha area // Mining Information and Analytical Bulletin. – 2025. – No. 4. – P. 121–134. DOI: 10.25018/0236_1493_2025_4_0_121.
28. Eremenko A. A., Volkov A. V., Shtits V. A., Kupriyanov A. S. Influence of the parameters of explosive sectional mining of a block using the forced floor collapse system on the energy class of geodynamic phenomena // Mining Journal - 2026. - No. 1. - P. 72 - 77. DOI: 10.17580/gzh.2026.01.11.

Blast direction choosing to reduce the overbreak

Keywords:blast direction, burden relief, vibration measurement, overbreak, PPV, fractures, geological and structural feature, vibration sensors, regression analysis

This article presents the results of measurements of the vibration impact of mass explosions using non-electrical and electronic initiation systems on the state of the open pit near-boundary zone. Based on the analysis of the obtained experimental data, the following were determined: the optimal directions for blasts and key performance indicators for designing the firing patterns lead to reduce the level of destruction of the open pit slope.

1. Fokin V.A. Designing and implementation of drilling and blasting operations during final sloping of benches in deep pits. – Apatity, Kola Science Center RAS. – 2003. – 231 p.
2. Rorke A.J. Limiting Blast-induced Damage on Final Pit Walls // Conference Paper. Февраль 2011. - URL: https://www.agg-net.com/resources/ articles/drilling-blasting/limiting-blast-induced-damage-on-final-pit-walls (date of access: 18.12.2025).
3. Alenichev I. A., Rakhmanov R. A., Shubin I. L. Assessment of near-field blast effect toward optimized drilling-and-blasting in pit wall rock mass. MIAB. Mining Inf. Anal. Bull. 2020;(4):85-95. [In Russ]. DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-2020-4-0-85-95.
4. Kovalchuk I.O. Justification of air deck effect between charge and stemming // Vzryvnoe delo. 2024. No. 145–102. P. 83–100. [In Russ].
5. Technical specifications of the Instantel Minimate Pro seismograph: official website. URL: https://www.instantel.com/products/minimate-pro (date of access: 27.07.2025). — Instantel.
6. Duvall W.I., Fogelson D.E. Review of criteria for estimating damage to residences from blasting vibrations. US Bur. Mines R15968, 1962, 19 pp.
7. Siskind D. E., Stagg M. S., Kopp J.W., Dowding C.H. Structure response and damage produced by ground vibration from surface mine blasting / M.S. Stagg, J.W. Kopp, C.H. -Report of Investigation No8507: -United States. Bureau of Mines, 1980.
8. Kovalchuk I. O., Kovalkov S. A., Alenichev I. A., Stepanov V. S. Electronic blasting system benefits applying close strategically important secured facilities – blast energy discharge pauses method // Vzryvnoe delo. 2023. No. 139–96. P. 88–98. [In Russ].

Research and practical experience in miningand blasting

Keywords:scientific council, report, explosives, blasting, borehole charge, rocks, scientific communities, modern trends, technological sovereignty, digitalization, electronic detonators, research, initiation, shock wave tubes, side stability

On February 5, 2026, an expanded meeting of the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences, "On the Problems of National Economic Use of Explosions," was held in Moscow as part of the International Scientific Symposium "Miner's Week-26" at the National University of Science and Technology MISiS. The event traditionally brings together representatives of the scientific community, the Public Council under Rostekhnadzor, and leading companies to discuss scientific research and current trends, developments, and prospects for the development of mining and blasting. Among the Council's key topics were the consideration of promising technologies in mining and blasting related to the development of Russia's central, southern, and northern territories, including the Arctic zone, the construction of facilities for the Northern Sea Route, and the challenges of ensuring technological sovereignty in the production of initiation devices for the mining industry. The meeting was chaired by the Chairman of the Scientific Council, Professor Gevorg Grantovich Kocharyan, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and Deputy Director of the Institute of Geosphere Dynamics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IGD RAS).